Phys 101 lecture 20 10 when a wave on a string hits a boundary with a section of the string having a different mass, which do you expect to be the same between the two sections of the string. Boundary behavior of sound wave, pitch and frequency are. How to develop effective study habits mar, 2020 pdf view jh sir physical chemistry notes for class 12 mar 8, 2020 pdf nv sir 11th class physics notes for jee and boards feb 27, 2020 pdf download nv sir physics notes complete for jee feb 22, 2020. What is being described in the equations of wave motion is the motion of the disturbance. This is demonstrated b y the well known experiment of the bell in the jar. A wave is a disturbance that moves through a medium. Physics of sound penn state mechanical engineering. We strongly recommend that at least the basic concepts discussed in this section are familiar to you before attempting further experimentation.
This book incorporates the developments in digital audio technology, including consumer products, into a firm foundation of the physics of sound. It is a longitudinal wave when the particles of the medium oscillate parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave. The first eight chapters contain the core material for a onesemester course in the physics of sound and music. Due to the vibration of the particles at their own position caused externally or internally, the disturbance wave is transferred from particle to particle. There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and elec tromagnetic waves. In a general sense, anything that moves back and forth, to and fro, side to side, in and out, or up and down is vibrating. The frequency of the transmitted wave will be the same as the initial wave, but its wavelength and speed will be different, such that f v. Although not a typical reading for everybody, understanding physics vol. A wave is a disturbance which propagates energy and momentum from one place to the other without the transport of matter. Wavessuch as these water wavesspread outward from a source. Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. If you poke around with a microphone you will find that the sound pressure is constant everywhere in the tube. This book is part of the light and matter series of introductory physics textbooks.
No knowledge of physics, mathematics, or music is required. In this case, the individual points along the medium the spring travel back and forth parallel to the motion of the pulse. The book opens, appropriately, with a discussion of simple harmonic motion, with the properties of this type of motion related to sound waves. Download wave motion and sound pdf 11p download free online book chm pdf.
The nature of sound summary the physics hypertextbook. In wave motion, the disturbance travels through the medium due to repeated periodic oscillations of the particles of the medium about their mean position or equilibrium position. The usual physics terminology for motion that repeats itself over. This is an interactive, online etext on the physics of sound. Book 3 in the light and matter series of free introductory physics.
Download as docx, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Waves have been of interest to philosophers and scientists alike for thousands of years. Motion to metabolism by lawrence davis open oregon educational resources, 2018 the book sticks to the basic functioning of the human body, from motion to metabolism, as a common theme through which the fundamental physics topics are introduced. Chapter 8 wave motion and sound sound waves scribd.
Chapter 8 wave motion and sound free download as word doc. Most familiar are surface waves on water, but both sound and light travel as wavelike disturbances, and the motion of all subatomic particles exhibits wavelike properties. Also browse for more study materials on physics here. This undergraduate textbook on the physics of wave motion in optics and acoustics. Production of sound sound is produced due to the vibration of objects. As a longitudinal wave, sound is a rapid variation in pressure that propagates. Learn more about the properties and types of sound in this article.
Fhsst physicswavessound applications wikibooks, open. Wave and motion grade 12 physics notes khullakitab. Chapter 10 wave motion 341 direction of wave motion plane waves viewed from above wave crests moving outward from wave source figure 10. Ncert cbse notes for class 9 science physics chapter 12 sound. At t 0 the standing wave with maximum displacement of its antinodes looks like fig. The wave basically carries the energy being transferred from one particle to the neighbouring particle. So as long as you have wave equation of any form in your case, string wave, you can simply modify some term how can you get refractive index for a string. The disturbance can be mass density, pressure, or electric field depending on the physical context. Sound lies at the very center of speech communication. Entire books are written on how to find the solution. Pdf preface to book 5 the need to provide students with a. Wave motion and sound department of physics and astronomy.
Important basic characteristics of waves are wavelength, amplitude, period, and frequency. Even a student who has never entered the physics classroom will find this book very interesting and. Pdf this undergraduate textbook on the physics of wave motion in optics. Introduction to the physics of waves and sound uvic. Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave. Click here to refer the most useful books of physics. Whats a good textbook to learn about waves and oscillations. The default wave function is sinusoidal but any other analytic function can be entered in the text box. Find a the wavelength of the wave, b the frequency of the source that produces the wave, c the velocity of the wave, d on an extension of the graph to the right, two other positions where you expect to find crests at. This particular model, designed by friedrich fessel and julius plucker, could also show double refraction. Nov 19, 2016 the process by which a disturbance at one point is propagated to another point more remote from the source with no net transport of the material of the medium itself. This type of traveling wave is called a longitudinal wave.
The oscillations are normal to the direction of wave motion along the string, so this is an example of transverse wave. I have used most of these demonstrations in the classroom, and can highly recommend their use to reinforce the understanding of the physics of sound. The speed of a wave through connected harmonic oscillators depends on the. Wave periods are described in terms of amplitude and length. The hand giving a sudden up and down motion to the string causes a wave, which travels along the string. This bookeexamines and explains vibrations, resonance, free waves, and bounded waves. Wave motion and the concepts of wave speed and frequency are also explored. Figure 1a below represents a wave at t 0 traveling along a rope to the right. The book divided in four units and nine chapters deals with the basic concepts of mechanics and wave motion. Energy and momentum are transferred from one point to another without any actual transfer of the particles of the medium. Wave motion, propagation of disturbancesthat is, deviations from a state of rest or equilibriumfrom place to place in a regular and organized way. Wave motion as inquiry the physics and applications of light and. For a first book, i very much enjoyed introduction to wave phenomena, by hirose.
Pdf sound waves are the most common examples of longitudinal waves. In both cases and in all other forms of wave motion, the disturbance moves through the medium slinky, string, water, air, whatever with only a minimal motion of the medium itself. In a solid, a sound wave can be either longitudinal or transverse. An interactive ebook this book consists of 33 interactive simulations which require the reader to click buttons, move sliders, etc. Includes a glossary, index, photo credits, and useful data page.
In the most general sense, sound is the propagation of density waves through some medium. Ancient greek philosophers, many of whom were interested in music, hypothesized that there was a connection between waves and sound, and that vibrations, or disturbances, must be responsible for sounds. Wave and motion wave motion a wave is the disturbance produce in the medium from an equilibrium condition which travels with the finite velocity in the region of space. A purely subjective, but unduly restrictive, definition of sound is also possible, as that which is perceived by the ear. Much of our current understanding of wave motion has come from the study of acoustics. May 24, 20 the present book is designed to meet the requirements of undergraduate physics students of different universities. Apr 06, 2020 sound, a mechanical disturbance from a state of equilibrium that propagates through an elastic material medium. Newtons laws of motion allen physics particle kinematics allen physics practical physics allen physics rotational motion allen physics temperature scales allen physics wave theory allen physics work energy allen physics this website is created solely for jee aspirants to download pdf, ebooks, study materials for free.
This module introduces the history of wave theory and offers basic explanations of longitudinal and transverse waves. If the string is very long compared position as the pulse or wave passes through them. A sound wave is both the end product of the speech production mechanism and the primary source of raw material used by the listener to recover the speakers message. One second later for the first time it looks like fig. Wave motion and sound plusphysics physics crash course. Description hi friends this is physics notes of xi class.
Figure 1b below represents the same wave at t 10 s a fraction of the period t. The wave speed, for example, is the speed at which the disturbance moves. Sound waves in air and under water are longitudinal. Find a the wavelength and b the period of the wave. It will also be useful for the students taking various competitive examinations. This book uses very simple english to introduce waves at a level appropriate for a 2nd or 3rd year undergraduate. So that particles can return to their mean position, after having been disturbed. A physics book for high schools and colleges kingsley augustine on.
Regions of above normal pressure regions under compression are called compressions or condensations. If the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, it is called a transverse wave. Wave motion transfers energy from one point to another, which may or may not displace particles of the medium. Pdf download allen jee mains 2020 minor and major test papers with solutions apr 12, 2020.
Introduction and types a wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. Consider an example using light and sound as sources of information to explore. Chapter 8 has been updated with a discussion of visual and musical features for a new auditorium at the university of maryland. As a nontraditional physics graduate student, this book took me a week or so to master, and was very enjoyable. Lamancusa penn state 1252000 an example of a plane wave would be a speaker at the end of a long tube. All matter transmits soundall matter transmits sound to some extentto some extent, but a material medium is needed between the source and the receiver to propagate sound. Mechanical vibrations and waves, simple harmonic motion, superposition, forced vibrations and resonance, coupled oscillations and normal modes, vibrations of continuous systems, reflection and refraction, phase and group velocity, optics, wave solutions to maxwells equations, polarization, snells law. The doppler effect is an interesting phenomenon that occurs when an object producing sound is moved relatively to the listener. Topics include beats, amplitude modulation, and frequency modulation. In our attempt at gaining an awareness of the everyday physics of sound and light. The wave function plotter model displays a onedimensional wave function ux,t depicting a disturbance at position x and time t.